Download Worlds in Collision by Immanuel Velikovsky as a PDF File for Free
- Summary of Worlds in Collision - Main arguments and evidence H2: How did the scientific community and the public react to Worlds in Collision? - Controversy and criticism - Censorship and boycott - Popularity and influence H2: What are the main criticisms and rebuttals of Worlds in Collision? - Methodology and sources - Physics and astronomy - History and mythology H2: What are the main implications and applications of Worlds in Collision? - Alternative history and chronology - Catastrophism and cosmology - Psychoanalysis and collective memory H2: How can you download Worlds in Collision as a PDF file? - Legal and ethical issues - Sources and links - Tips and tricks H1: Conclusion Summary and takeaways Table 2: Article with HTML formatting Immanuel Velikovsky Worlds In Collision Pdf Download
If you are interested in alternative history, ancient mythology, or cosmic catastrophes, you might have heard of Immanuel Velikovsky and his controversial book Worlds in Collision. In this article, we will explore who Velikovsky was, what his theory was, how it was received by the scientific community and the public, what are the main criticisms and rebuttals of his work, what are the implications and applications of his ideas, and how you can download his book as a PDF file.
Immanuel Velikovsky Worlds In Collision Pdf Download
Who was Immanuel Velikovsky and what was his theory?
Immanuel Velikovsky was a Russian-born Jewish psychiatrist, scholar, and author who lived from 1895 to 1979. He is best known for his book Worlds in Collision, published in 1950, which proposed a radical revision of the history of the solar system and the Earth based on ancient myths and legends.
In Worlds in Collision, Velikovsky argued that in the second millennium BCE, the planet Venus was ejected from Jupiter as a comet-like body that came close to Earth several times, causing global catastrophes such as floods, earthquakes, plagues, wars, and changes in the Earth's axis and orbit. He also claimed that Mars was displaced by Venus and also had near-collisions with Earth in the first millennium BCE, causing further disasters. He supported his theory with evidence from various fields such as astronomy, geology, archaeology, biology, psychology, literature, religion, and art.
Velikovsky's theory challenged the conventional views of science and history that assumed a stable and gradual evolution of the solar system and the Earth. He also challenged the chronology of ancient civilizations such as Egypt, Greece, Israel, Babylon, China, India, and America. He suggested that many historical events and cultural phenomena were influenced by the cosmic upheavals caused by Venus and Mars.
How did the scientific community and the public react to Worlds in Collision?
Velikovsky's book sparked a huge controversy and debate among scientists, scholars, critics, journalists, publishers, readers, and fans. It was one of the most controversial books of the 20th century.
On one hand, Worlds in Collision was met with harsh criticism and rejection by most scientists who considered it pseudoscience, nonsense, or even heresy. They accused Velikovsky of ignoring or distorting scientific facts and methods, violating physical laws and principles, cherry-picking or misinterpreting ancient sources, making unfalsifiable or untestable claims, and promoting a sensationalist or religious agenda. Some scientists even tried to censor or boycott Velikovsky's book by threatening to withdraw their support or subscriptions from publishers or journals that endorsed or reviewed it.
On the other hand, Worlds in Collision was also met with enthusiasm and admiration by many readers who found it fascinating, compelling, or inspiring. It became a bestseller that sold millions of copies worldwide. It also influenced many writers, artists, thinkers, and movements who explored similar or related themes such as alternative history, ancient astronauts, catastrophism, comparative mythology, collective memory, and psychohistory. Some of Velikovsky's fans and followers formed organizations or publications to promote or defend his work, such as the Society for Interdisciplinary Studies or the journal Kronos.
What are the main criticisms and rebuttals of Worlds in Collision?
Velikovsky's theory has been criticized and rebutted on various grounds and from various perspectives. Here are some of the main ones:
Methodology and sources
Some critics have argued that Velikovsky's methodology and sources were flawed or unreliable. They have pointed out that he used selective or anecdotal evidence, ignored or dismissed contradictory or alternative explanations, relied on outdated or dubious scholarship, misquoted or mistranslated ancient texts, and made arbitrary or speculative assumptions or correlations.
Some rebuttals have shown that Velikovsky's evidence was not as strong or consistent as he claimed, that he overlooked or misunderstood important aspects of ancient cultures or languages, that he failed to account for the symbolic or metaphorical nature of myths or legends, and that he did not provide adequate citations or references for his claims.
Physics and astronomy
Some critics have argued that Velikovsky's theory violated the laws and principles of physics and astronomy. They have pointed out that he ignored or contradicted the evidence and calculations of modern science, such as the conservation of energy and momentum, the gravitational and electromagnetic forces, the orbital mechanics and stability, the thermal and kinetic effects, and the observational and experimental data.
Some rebuttals have shown that Velikovsky's scenario was physically impossible or implausible, that he underestimated or overestimated the effects or consequences of his proposed events, that he made errors or mistakes in his measurements or estimations, and that he did not provide adequate proofs or tests for his hypothesis.
History and mythology
Some critics have argued that Velikovsky's theory distorted or falsified the history and mythology of ancient civilizations. They have pointed out that he ignored or dismissed the established chronology and dating methods, such as radiocarbon dating, dendrochronology, stratigraphy, epigraphy, and genealogy. They also pointed out that he confused or conflated different historical periods, events, figures, places, cultures, religions, and traditions.
Some rebuttals have shown that Velikovsky's chronology was inconsistent or inaccurate, that he misidentified or misdated historical sources or artifacts, that he failed to explain the continuity or diversity of historical developments or cultural expressions, and that he did not provide adequate support or verification for his claims.
What are the main implications and applications of Worlds in Collision?
Despite the criticisms and rebuttals, Velikovsky's theory has also had some implications and applications for various fields and disciplines. Here are some of them:
Alternative history and chronology
Velikovsky's theory has inspired some scholars and researchers to question or revise the conventional history and chronology of ancient civilizations. They have proposed alternative scenarios or models that challenge or modify the accepted dates or sequences of historical events or periods. They have also suggested new connections or parallels between different cultures or regions based on their shared experiences of cosmic catastrophes.
Some examples of alternative history and chronology based on Velikovsky's ideas are the New Chronology of David Rohl, the Revised Chronology of Donovan Courville, the Glasgow Chronology of Peter James et al., the Centuries of Darkness of Peter James et al., and the Ages in Chaos series of Gunnar Heinsohn.
Catastrophism and cosmology
Velikovsky's theory has also inspired some scientists and researchers to explore the possibility or probability of cosmic catastrophes affecting the Earth or the solar system. They have investigated the evidence or effects of past impacts or collisions of comets, asteroids, planets, moons, stars, or other celestial bodies. They have also studied the potential risks or consequences of future impacts or collisions that could threaten the survival of life on Earth.
Some examples of catastrophism and cosmology based on Velikovsky's ideas are the Electric Universe theory of Wallace Thornhill et al., the Saturn Theory of David Talbott et al., the Nemesis Theory of Richard Muller et al., the Planet X Theory of Zecharia Sitchin et al., and the Doomsday Scenario of Graham Hancock et al.
Psychoanalysis and collective memory
They have explored the unconscious or conscious memories or traumas of individuals or groups that witnessed or experienced the cosmic upheavals. They have also analyzed the symbolic or archetypal expressions or representations of these memories or traumas in myths, legends, art, literature, religion, and culture.
Some examples of psychoanalysis and collective memory based on Velikovsky's ideas are the Collective Amnesia theory of Julian Jaynes, the Cosmic Memory theory of Erich von Däniken, the Archetypal Cosmology theory of Richard Tarnas et al., the Mythic Imagination theory of Joseph Campbell et al., and the Cultural Trauma theory of Jeffrey Kripal et al.
How can you download Worlds in Collision as a PDF file?
If you are curious or interested in reading Worlds in Collision by Immanuel Velikovsky, you might wonder how you can download it as a PDF file. In this section, we will discuss some of the legal and ethical issues involved in downloading books online, as well as some sources and links where you can find Worlds in Collision as a PDF file. We will also give you some tips and tricks on how to download it safely and easily.
Legal and ethical issues
Before you download any book online, you should be aware of the legal and ethical issues that might arise from doing so. Downloading books without the permission or consent of the author or publisher might violate their intellectual property rights or copyrights. This might result in legal consequences such as fines or lawsuits, as well as ethical consequences such as harming the reputation or income of the author or publisher.
Therefore, you should always check the legality and legitimacy of the source or link where you download books online. You should also respect the wishes and rights of the author or publisher and only download books that are in the public domain, have a creative commons license, or have been authorized or approved for free distribution.
Sources and links
There are many sources and links where you can find Worlds in Collision by Immanuel Velikovsky as a PDF file online. However, not all of them are reliable or trustworthy. Some of them might contain viruses or malware that could harm your device or data. Some of them might also have low-quality or incomplete versions of the book that could ruin your reading experience.
Therefore, you should always verify the quality and security of the source or link where you download books online. You should also compare different sources or links and choose the one that has the best reviews or ratings from other users. Here are some sources and links where you can find Worlds in Collision by Immanuel Velikovsky as a PDF file online:
Archive.org: This is a non-profit digital library that offers free access to millions of books, movies, music, and other media. You can download Worlds in Collision by Immanuel Velikovsky as a PDF file from this link: https://archive.org/details/WorldsInCollision_201811
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Z-Library: This is one of the largest online libraries that offers free access to over 7 million books and 80 million articles. You can download Worlds in Collision by Immanuel Velikovsky as a PDF file from this link: https://b-ok.cc/book/2370740/6f8c5f
Tips and tricks
Here are some tips and tricks on how to download Worlds in Collision by Immanuel Velikovsky as a PDF file safely and easily:
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Use a PDF reader or editor to open and view the PDF file. A PDF reader or editor is a software that allows you to read, edit, annotate, or convert PDF files. Some PDF readers or editors that you can use are Adobe Acrobat Reader, Foxit Reader, Nitro PDF Reader, and PDF-XChange Editor.
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Conclusion
In this article, we have discussed who Immanuel Velikovsky was, what his theory of Worlds in Collision was, how it was received by the scientific community and the public, what are the main criticisms and rebuttals of his work, what are the implications and applications of his ideas, and how you can download his book as a PDF file. We hope that you have found this article informative, interesting, and helpful.
If you want to learn more about Immanuel Velikovsky and his theory of Worlds in Collision, you can check out his other books such as Ages in Chaos, Earth in Upheaval, Mankind in Amnesia, and Stargazers and Gravediggers. You can also visit his official website at https://www.velikovsky.info/ or his fan website at https://www.varchive.org/.
Thank you for reading this article. If you have any questions or comments, please feel free to leave them below. We would love to hear from you.
FAQs
Here are some frequently asked questions about Immanuel Velikovsky and his theory of Worlds in Collision:
Q: Is Immanuel Velikovsky a scientist?
A: Immanuel Velikovsky was not a scientist by training or profession. He was a psychiatrist, scholar, and author who had a wide range of interests and knowledge in various fields such as history, mythology, psychology, literature, religion, and art. However, he did conduct extensive research and analysis on scientific topics such as astronomy, geology, archaeology, biology, and physics. He also claimed to have made some scientific predictions or discoveries that were later confirmed or supported by modern science.
Q: Is Worlds in Collision a fiction or non-fiction book?
A: Worlds in Collision is a non-fiction book that presents a scientific theory based on historical and mythological evidence. However, some critics have argued that it is a fiction book that presents a pseudoscientific fantasy based on imaginative and speculative interpretations. Some readers have also enjoyed it as a fiction book that presents an alternative history and cosmology based on creative and compelling storytelling.
Q: Is Worlds in Collision true or false?
A: Worlds in Collision is neither true nor false. It is a controversial and debatable theory that has been challenged and defended by various arguments and evidence. It is up to each reader to decide whether they agree or disagree with Velikovsky's theory based on their own criteria and judgment.
Q: Is Worlds in Collision relevant or outdated?
A: Worlds in Collision is both relevant and outdated. It is relevant because it raises some interesting and important questions about the history and nature of the solar system and the Earth, as well as the origins and meanings of ancient myths and legends. It is also relevant because it inspires some people to explore alternative or unconventional perspectives on science and history. It is outdated because it relies on some outdated or dubious sources and methods, as well as some outdated or refuted scientific facts and principles. It is also outdated because it has been superseded or surpassed by some newer or better theories or explanations.
Q: Is Worlds in Collision worth reading or not?
or cosmology. It is also worth reading if you enjoy reading controversial or provocative books that challenge or stimulate your thinking. However, you should also be aware of the criticisms and rebuttals of Velikovsky's theory and not take it as the final or absolute truth. You should also read it with a critical and open mind and compare it with other sources or views. 71b2f0854b